據(jù)美國(guó)鉆井網(wǎng)站2022年6月17日?qǐng)?bào)道，全球119家上市勘探和生產(chǎn)（E&P）公司發(fā)布的年度財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告顯示，去年原油和天然氣總探明儲(chǔ)量增加了192億桶油當(dāng)量。

美國(guó)能源信息署(EIA)表示，影響探明儲(chǔ)量水平的因素有幾個(gè)，其中一些因素取決于原油或天然氣的價(jià)格。其他因素則取決于公司的行為，如銷(xiāo)售、收購(gòu)和勘探開(kāi)發(fā)支出。

探明儲(chǔ)量是指在現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)濟(jì)和作業(yè)條件下，通過(guò)地質(zhì)和工程資料分析，可以合理確定可開(kāi)采的油氣資源的估計(jì)儲(chǔ)量。

EIA以119家國(guó)內(nèi)外企業(yè)向美國(guó)證券交易委員會(huì)(SEC)提供的公開(kāi)財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告和“能源評(píng)估”報(bào)告為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行了分析。 

EIA的結(jié)論不代表全球勘探和生產(chǎn)部門(mén)，因?yàn)榉治霾话ㄎ窗l(fā)表財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告的私人公司。據(jù)估計(jì)，這119家上市勘探和生產(chǎn)公司在2021年的產(chǎn)量約占非歐佩克液體燃料總產(chǎn)量的60%。 

盡管這些上市勘探和生產(chǎn)公司中有許多在全球開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)，但也有一些是國(guó)有石油公司，其儲(chǔ)量和業(yè)務(wù)集中在本國(guó)，如巴西。勘探和生產(chǎn)公司對(duì)其已探明的原油和天然氣儲(chǔ)量的評(píng)估每年都在變化，因?yàn)閮r(jià)格變化導(dǎo)致對(duì)現(xiàn)有儲(chǔ)量的修訂，新資源的擴(kuò)展和發(fā)現(xiàn)，已探明儲(chǔ)量的購(gòu)買(mǎi)和銷(xiāo)售，以及生產(chǎn)。

這份分析報(bào)告中的119家上市勘探和生產(chǎn)公司在2021年總共花費(fèi)了2440億美元用于勘探和開(kāi)發(fā)，比疫情大流行前五年的平均水平低28%。通過(guò)提高采收率、擴(kuò)展和發(fā)現(xiàn)，增加已探明的原油和天然氣儲(chǔ)量可以與勘探開(kāi)發(fā)支出掛鉤。通過(guò)購(gòu)買(mǎi)和銷(xiāo)售獲得的探明儲(chǔ)量代表公司之間的資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移，包括此次分析之外的公司。  

對(duì)探明儲(chǔ)量的修正可能會(huì)受到原油和天然氣價(jià)格變化的影響，而受勘探開(kāi)發(fā)投資的直接影響較小。這些修正可增加或減少已探明儲(chǔ)量。EIA解釋說(shuō)，當(dāng)一家公司開(kāi)采并出售已探明儲(chǔ)量時(shí)，其產(chǎn)量會(huì)減少其探明儲(chǔ)量。 

李峻 編譯自 美國(guó)鉆井網(wǎng)站

原文如下:

EIA: 119 Publicly Traded E&P Firms Added Proved Reserves In 2021

Annual financial reports by 119 publicly traded exploration and production companies show aggregate proved reserves of crude oil and natural gas increased by 19.2 billion barrels of oil equivalent in 2021.

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) said that several factors affect proved reserve levels, some of which depend on the price of crude oil or natural gas. Other factors are based on company actions, such as sales, acquisitions, and spending on exploration and development.

Proved reserves are estimated volumes of hydrocarbon resources that an analysis of geologic and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certainty are recoverable under existing economic and operating conditions.

The EIA based its analysis on the published financial reports that 119 domestic and international companies provided to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and that evaluate Energy collected.

The Administration’s conclusions do not represent the global exploration and production sector because the analysis did not include private companies that do not publish financial reports. We estimate that the 119 companies in this analysis accounted for about 60 percent of total non-OPEC liquid fuels production in 2021.

Although many of these companies have global operations, some are national oil companies with reserves and operations concentrated in their home countries, such as Brazil. Company assessments of their proved reserves of crude oil and natural gas change from year to year because of revisions to existing reserves resulting from price changes, extensions and discoveries of new resources, purchases and sales of proved reserves, and production.

The 119 companies in this analysis collectively spent $244 billion on exploration and development in 2021, which is 28 percent less than the pre-pandemic five-year average. Additions to proved crude oil and natural gas reserves resulting from improved recovery and from extensions and discoveries can be linked to E&D expenditures. Proved reserves acquired through purchases and sales represent transfers of assets between companies, including companies outside of this analysis.

Revisions to proved reserves can be affected by changes in crude oil and natural gas prices and are less directly affected by E&D investment. These revisions may increase or decrease proved reserves. When proved reserves are extracted and sold by a company, that production reduces its proved reserves, EIA explained.